4,062 research outputs found
Saint Paul’s doctrine of sin
St. Paul sees sin both as 'prenomic’ ("in. the world before the law was given" Rom.5.13) and as revealed by the law. The law was meant to "make alive" (Gal.3.21), but Paul came to see that the law reveals man's inability to fulfil God's, demand, and, in fact, energises 'prenomic' sin, making it '.transgression’. This realisation does not affect Paul's estimate, of-the law; rather, the law's failure, to fulfil its function in man is explained by the fact that man, as flesh, is "sold under sin" (Rom.7.14). The flesh is not inherently sinful, but is dominated by the power of sin. "All have sinned" (Rom.3.23) and sin is essentially one, though three, forms of sin are to be found in Paul's, thought. 'Prenomic' sin is a dominant feature of human activity or living which distinguishes it as resulting in alienation from God. This conception is made concrete in two directions. Firstly, transgression, which requires the context of the law, has the elements of defiance of God's demand and subjective guilt. Secondly, sin personalised is the hidden power of sin, which holds man in slavery. St. Paul is not so much concerned, with the origin of sin as with its consequences of alienation from God, 'more sin’ and death. It is as God reveals himself in the work of Christ and the gift of the Spirit that sin is revealed; it is in the revelation of Christ that God’s purpose of faith is made known and man's failure to fulfil God's purpose is revealed. The Christian though Christ has condemned sin in the flesh (Rom.8.3), has to contend with the fact that he is still in the flesh, as he awaits the full outworking of God's action in Christ in the resurrection of the dead
Temporal evolution of velocity structures in the solar wind
Generally poor correlations were obtained of solar wind flow speed measurements at one point in the ecliptic plane with measurements at the same point 28 days (one solar rotation) earlier or with measurements at other points in the ecliptic plane separated by 50 deg or more in solar longitude. This is evidence that either the flow speed is a very sensitive function of solar latitude or that temporal processes typically alter the speed of the wind emanating from particular solar regions on a time scale of about 4 days. From a measure of the persistence of the flow speed at the orbit of the earth, it appears that the temporal explanation is more likely to be the correct one
People Like Me Don’t Belong in Places Like This. Creating and Developing a Community of Learners beyond the Prison Gates
It is widely accepted that individuals with criminal convictions experience multiple disadvantage and deprivation, and, as a result, are considered least likely to progress to higher education (Unlock, 2018). The risk-adverse nature of higher education application processes further compound such disadvantage, even though there is no evidence to suggest that screening for criminal convictions increase campus safety (Centre for Community Alternatives, 2010). Drawing upon ethnographic data, the discussion critically reflects upon the development of one situated Learning Together initiative based within a University in the north-west of England. In doing so, the discussion highlights a series of emerging opportunities and competing contradictions that span over three key developmental areas: creation, progress and maintenance. We anticipate that the findings will go some way in opening up a wider debate about the sustainability of initiatives that seek to create dynamic educational partnerships between the higher education sector and criminal justice system more broadly
Complex small-scale structure in the infrared extinction towards the Galactic Centre
A high level of complex structure, or ``granularity'', has been observed in
the distribution of infrared-obscuring material towards the Galactic Centre
(GC), with a characteristic scale of 5arcsec - 15arcsec, corresponding to 0.2 -
0.6pc at a GC distance of 8.5kpc. This structure has been observed in ISAAC
images which have a resolution of 0.6arcsec, significantly higher than that of
previous studies of the GC.
We have discovered granularity throughout the GC survey region, which covers
an area of 1.6deg x 0.8deg in longitude and latitude respectively (300pc x
120pc at 8.5kpc) centred on Sgr A*. This granularity is variable over the whole
region, with some areas exhibiting highly structured extinction in one or more
wavebands and other areas displaying no structure and a uniform stellar
distribution in all wavebands. The granularity does not appear to correspond to
longitude, latitude or radial distance from Sgr A*. We find that regions
exhibiting high granularity are strongly associated with high stellar
reddening.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Solar cycle variation of real CME latitudes
With the assumption of radial motion and uniform longitudinal distribution of
coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we propose a method to eliminate projection
effects from the apparent observed CME latitude distribution. This method has
been applied to SOHO LASCO data from 1996 January to 2006 December. As a
result, we find that the real CME latitude distribution had the following
characteristics: (1) High-latitude CMEs ( where is
the latitude) constituted 3% of all CMEs and mainly occurred during the time
when the polar magnetic fields reversed sign. The latitudinal drift of the
high-latitude CMEs was correlated with that of the heliospheric current sheet.
(2) 4% of all CMEs occurred in the range .
These mid-latitude CMEs occurred primarily in 2000, near the middle of 2002 and
in 2005, respectively, forming a prominent three-peak structure; (3) The
highest occurrence probability of low-latitude () CMEs was
at the minimum and during the declining phase of the solar cycle. However, the
highest occurrence rate of low-latitude CMEs was at the maximum and during the
declining phase of the solar cycle. The latitudinal evolution of low-latitude
CMEs did not follow the Sp\"{o}rer sunspot law, which suggests that many CMEs
originated outside of active regions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ Lette
Multiple spacecraft observations of interplanetary shocks: Characteristics of the upstream ULF turbulence
All interplanetary shocks observed by ISEE-3 and either ISEE-1 or ISEE-2 or both in 1978 and 1979 are examined for evidence of upstream waves. In order to characterize the properties of these shocks it is necessary to determine accurate shock normals. An overdetermined set of equations were inverted to obtain shock normals, velocities and error estimates for all these shocks. Tests of the method indicate it is quite reliable. Using these normals the Mach number and angle were between the interplanetary magnetic field and the shock normal for each shock. The upstream waves were separated into two classes: whistler mode precursors which occur at low Mach numbers and upstream turbulence whose amplitude at Mach numbers greater than 1.5 is controlled by the angle of the field to the shock normal. The former waves are right hand circularly polarized and quite monochromatic. The latter waves are more linearly polarized and have a broadband featureless spectrum
The Magellanic system X-ray sources
Using archival X-ray data from the second XMM-Newton serendipitous source
catalogue, we present comparative analysis of the overall population of X-ray
sources in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. We see a difference between
the characteristics of the brighter sources in the two populations in the X-ray
band. Utilising flux measurements in different energy bands we are able to sort
the X-ray sources based on similarities to other previously identified and
classified objects. In this manner we are able to identify the probable nature
of some of the unknown objects, identifying a number of possible X-ray binaries
and Super Soft Sources.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Poster to appear in proceedings of IAU Symposium
256, The Magellanic System: Stars, Gas, and Galaxies. Keele Univeristy, U
Can Streamer Blobs prevent the Buildup of the Interplanetetary Magnetic Field?
Coronal Mass Ejections continuously drag closed magnetic field lines away
from the Sun, adding new flux to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We
propose that the outward-moving blobs that have been observed in helmet
streamers are evidence of ongoing, small-scale reconnection in streamer current
sheets, which may play an important role in the prevention of an indefinite
buildup of the IMF. Reconnection between two open field lines from both sides
of a streamer current sheet creates a new closed field line, which becomes part
of the helmet, and a disconnected field line, which moves outward. The blobs
are formed by plasma from the streamer that is swept up in the trough of the
outward moving field line. We show that this mechanism is supported by
observations from SOHO/LASCO. Additionally, we propose a thorough statistical
study to quantify the contribution of blob formation to the reduction of the
IMF, and indicate how this mechanism may be verified by observations with
SOHO/UVCS and the proposed NASA STEREO and ESA Polar Orbiter missions.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures; accepted by The Astrophysical Journal Letters;
uses AASTe
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